Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a central glycolytic enzyme catalysing the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and, like other cytosolic glycolytic enzymes, leaks into circulation and saliva following exercise-induced myocyte membrane disruption. Its salivary appearance reflects skeletal-muscle glycolytic capacity and micro-trauma after high mechanical load. Wenzel et al. (2026) identified GAPDH among the salivary proteins that track recent exercise in a multi-omics strain model.